The orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and orexin-B/hypocretin-2 are neuropeptides synthesized by a
cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area. Orexin neurons receive …

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region
known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake …

The hippocampus-prefrontal cortex (HPC-PFC) pathway plays a fundamental role in
executive and emotional functions. Neurophysiological studies have begun to unveil the …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-related condition that produces
distressing fear memory intrusions, avoidance behaviors, hyperarousal/startle, stress …

The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide family has emerged as a focal point of neuroscientific
research following the discovery that this family plays a crucial role in a variety of …

Orexins, or hypocretins, are excitatory neuropeptides involved in the regulation of feeding
behavior and the sleep and wakefulness states. Since their discovery, several lines of …

Experimental evidence has implicated multiple neurotransmitter systems in either the direct
or indirect modulation of cortical arousal and attention circuitry. In this review, we selectively …

Cortical layer 6b is considered by many to be a remnant of the subplate that forms during
early stages of neocortical development, but its role in the adult is not well understood. Its …

Study Objectives: Current pharmacological options for the treatment of insomnia
insufficiently meet the needs of all insomnia patients. Approved treatments are not …

Arousal plays a central role in a wide variety of phenomena, including wakefulness,
autonomic function, affect and emotion. Despite its importance, it remains unclear as to how …