Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) can be spontaneously absorbed without surgical treatment.
However, the pathogenesis and physiological indications for predicting protrusion …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a chronic skeletal muscle degenerative disease,
which is considered the main cause of low back pain. It seriously affects the quality of life of …

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration remains a clinically important
condition for which treatment is costly and relatively ineffective. The molecular basis of …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is one of the major causes of back pain, a
condition that represents a serious socio-economic burden. Deeper knowledge of the …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is thought to be the primary cause of low back pain, a
severe public health problem worldwide. Current therapy for IDD aims to alleviate the …

Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of disability. The degeneration is
inevitable, and the mechanisms are complex. Current therapeutic strategies mainly focus on …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is largely a process of destruction and failure of the
extracellular matrix (ECM), and symptomatic IVD degeneration is thought to be one of the …

This minireview examines the role of hypoxia, and hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-
2), in regulating the metabolism, function, and fate of cells of the nucleus pulposus in the …

2.1. Background The IVDs constitute the main joints of the spine and contribute one-third of
the total spinal weight (Fig. 1). The intervertebral joint is an amphiarthrosis (semi-mobile …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important factor leading to low back pain, but the
underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Compared with normal nucleus …