Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are extracellular matrix (ECM) chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
(CSPG)-containing structures that surround the soma and dendrites of various mammalian …

Recent studies have deepened our understanding of multiple mechanisms by which
extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules regulate various aspects of synaptic plasticity and …

A hypothesis and the experiments to test it propose that very long-term memories, such as
fear conditioning, are stored as the pattern of holes in the perineuronal net (PNN), a …

Although neurons attract the most attention in neurobiology, our current knowledge of neural
circuit can only partially explain the neurological and psychiatric conditions of the brain …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to regulate important processes in neuronal cell
development, activity and growth. It is associated with the structural stabilization of neuronal …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellularly acting enzymes that have long been
known to have deleterious roles in brain injury and disease. In particular, widespread and …

The emergence of astroglia as an important participant of the synaptic machinery has led to
the 'tripartite synapse'hypothesis. Recent findings suggest that synaptic signaling also …

Integrins are a large family of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors. In the developing and
adult brain, many integrins are present at high levels at synapses. The tetrapartite structure …

The brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cushion and support the
brain cells. The ISF occupies the brain interstitial system (ISS), whereas the CSF fills the …

During brain maturation, the occurrence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) terminates juvenile
plasticity by mediating structural stability. Interestingly, enzymatic removal of the ECM …