Cell–cell fusion remains the least understood type of membrane fusion process. However,
the last few years have brought about major advances in understanding fusion between …

Scaffold proteins are typically thought of as multi-domain “bridging molecules.” They serve
as crucial regulators of key signaling events by simultaneously binding multiple participants …

Elevated expression and genetic aberration of IRTKS, also named as BAIAP2L1, have been
observed in many tumors, especially in tumor progression. however, the molecular and …

Osteoclast signatures are determined by two transcriptional programs, the lineage-
determining transcription pathway and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B …

Thirty years of research have accumulated ample evidence that podosome clusters qualify
as genuine cellular organelles that are being found in more and more cell types. A …

CS/ICs have raised great expectations in cancer research and therapy, as eradication of this
key cancer cell type is expected to lead to a complete cure. Unfortunately, the biology of …

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells of monocytic origin. An imbalance between bone
formation and resorption can lead to osteoporosis or osteopetrosis. Osteoclastogenesis is …

Implanted medical devices, from artificial heart valves and arthroscopic joints to implantable
sensors, often induce a foreign body response (FBR), a form of chronic inflammation …

Membrane fusion is an important process by which biological membranes perform their life
activities. Simulations show that the membrane fusion process happens mainly through …

The scaffold protein Tks4 is a member of the p47phox-related organizer superfamily. It plays
a key role in cell motility by being essential for the formation of podosomes and invadopodia …