Neuraminidase of influenza A and B viruses plays a critical role in the virus life cycle and is
an important target of the host immune system. Here, we highlight the current understanding …

Despite advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches, influenza continues to cause
severe illness, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and …

Antibodies secreted at the mucosal surface play an integral role in immune defense by
serving to neutralize the pathogen and promote its elimination at the site of entry. Secretory …

Despite the availability of vaccine prophylaxis and antiviral therapeutics, the influenza virus
continues to have a significant, annual impact on the morbidity and mortality of human …

Seasonal influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease that remains a major health problem
worldwide, especially in immunocompromised populations. The impact of influenza disease …

Pandemic outbreaks of influenza are caused by the emergence of a pathogenic and
transmissible virus to which the human population is immunologically naïve. Recent …

Background A pandemic H5N1 influenza outbreak would be facilitated by an absence of
immunity to the avian-derived virus in the human population. Although this condition is likely …

In an attempt to assess the cross-protective potential of the influenza virus neuraminidase
(NA) as a vaccine antigen, different subtypes of recombinant NA were expressed in a …

Respiratory viruses infections caused by influenza viruses, human parainfluenza virus
(hPIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and coronaviruses are an eminent threat for public …

The only universally conserved sequence amongst all influenza A viral neuraminidase (NA)
is located between amino acids 222–230 and plays crucial roles in viral replication …