To coordinate, adapt and respond to biological signals, cells convey specific messages to
other cells. An important aspect of cell–cell communication involves secretion of molecules …

Intercellular communication was long thought to be regulated exclusively through direct
contact between cells or via release of soluble molecules that transmit the signal by binding …

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is an assembly of
protein subcomplexes (ESCRT I-III) that cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to mediate …

Enveloped viruses escape infected cells by budding through limiting membranes. In the
decade since the discovery that HIV recruits cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes …

Mammalian cells are capable of delivering multiple types of membrane capsules
extracellularly. The limiting membrane of late endosomes can fuse with the plasma …

Majority of disease-modifying therapeutic targets are restricted to the intracellular space and
are therefore not druggable using existing biologic modalities. The ability to efficiently …

The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one of the central antioxidant systems in mammalian cells,
maintaining a reducing environment by catalyzing electron flux from nicotinamide adenine …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) refer to vesicles that are released by cells into the extracellular
space. EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication via delivery of functional biomolecules …

The arrestin clan can now be broadly divided into three structurally similar subgroups: the
originally identified arrestins (visual and β-arrestins), the α-arrestins and a group of Vps26 …

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway was initially
defined in yeast genetic screens that identified the factors necessary to sort membrane …