Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

Single cell genomics encompasses a suite of rapidly maturing technologies that measure
the molecular profiles of individual cells within target samples. These approaches provide a …

Resolving the relationships between the major lineages in the animal tree of life is
necessary to understand the origin and evolution of key animal traits. Sponges …

The C-type lectin receptor–Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) adaptor CARD9 facilitates protective
antifungal immunity within the central nervous system (CNS), as human deficiency in …

Interferons (IFNs) are critical soluble factors in the immune system and are composed of
three types,(I, II and III) that utilize different receptor complexes IFN-αR1/IFN-αR2, IFN …

Infectious diseases continue to claim many lives. Prevention of morbidity and mortality from
these diseases would benefit not just from new medicines and vaccines but also from a …

The evolution of the IFN system, the major innate antiviral mechanism of vertebrates,
remains poorly understood. According to the detection of type I IFN genes in cartilaginous …

Abstract Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but
remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed …

Cross-species comparison of vertebrate genomes has unraveled previously unknown
complexities of interferon (IFN) systems in amphibian species. Recent genomic curation …

In mammals, type II interferon (IFN; ie IFN-γ) signalling transduces through its specific
receptors IFN-γR1 and IFN-γR2. In an osteoglossiform fish, the arapaima Arapaima gigas …