Virus-like particles (VLPs) have become key tools in biology, medicine and even
engineering. After their initial use to resolve viral structures at the atomic level, VLPs were …

The discovery of genotype 16 as the prototype oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV)
initiated a quarter century of laboratory and epidemiological studies that demonstrated their …

This review provides an overview of recent developments in “chemical virology.” Viruses, as
materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted primarily
through respiratory droplets/aerosols and it causes COVID-19. The virus infects epithelial …

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled viral protein complexes that mimic the native
virus structure without being infectious. VLPs, similarly to wild type viruses, are able to …

Highlights•VLP have been engineered to improve their utility as vaccine platforms.•Targeted
engineering of VLPs has enhanced immunogenicity, stability, and versatility.•Predictive …

Introduction: Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines face significant challenges in their translation
from laboratory models, to routine clinical administration. While some VLP vaccines thrive …

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of human neoplasias such as
warts and cancers. There are∼ 19 HPV types associated with cancers, which has made it …

Both lytic and temperate bacteriophages (phages) can be applied in nanomedicine, in
particular, as nanoprobes for precise disease diagnosis and nanotherapeutics for targeted …

Licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines contain virus-like particles (VLPs) self-
assembled from L1 major-capsid proteins that are remarkably effective prophylactic …