B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological immune-mediated disease leading
to disability in young adults. The outcome of the disease is unpredictable, and over time …

Recent advances in the understanding of T cell activation have led to new therapeutic
approaches in the treatment of immunological disorders. One attractive target of intervention …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage …

Our pathophysiological concept of the most common central nervous system demyelinating
disease, multiple sclerosis, strikingly evolved by recent discoveries suggesting that B …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS characterized by
inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury. These pathologic effects are manifested in …

Abstract Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTKi) is now viewed as a promising next-
generation B-cell-targeting therapy for autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis …

Antigen-presenting cells (APC) are considered to play a critical role in promoting the (re)
activation of potentially autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory …

Interferon beta (IFN-β) has been shown in several clinical trials to have efficacy in MS. Its
mechanism of action, however, remains unclear. In this review, several biological activities …