Subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) is defined as serum free T4 and free T3 levels within
their respective reference ranges in the presence of abnormal serum TSH levels. SCTD is …

Abstract Introduction Thyroid hormones (THs) are especially important for brain maturation
and development during the fetal period and childhood. Several epidemiological studies …

In this report, we, the Research Committee on Moyamoya Disease (Spontaneous Occlusion
of the circle of Willis), describe in detail the changes in the new “Diagnostic Criteria 2021” for …

Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) is caused by Graves' disease,
autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and multinodular goitre. Its diagnosis is based on …

Context Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe and in the
United States. The aim of this review article was to assess the results of the prospective …

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of thyroid disease. The
frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients is higher than that of the general …

Background: Despite clinical practice guidelines for the management of differentiated thyroid
cancer (DTC), there are no recommendations on the optimal serum thyrotropin (TSH) …

OBJECTIVE: Subclinical hyperthyroidism has long-term sequelae that include osteoporosis,
cardiovascular morbidity, and progression to overt thyrotoxicosis or thyroid failure. The …

Background Some patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) are not
suitable for surgery or radioiodine therapy. Therefore, minimally invasive alternative …

Background There is increasing evidence in humans and in experimental animals for a
relationship between exposure to specific environmental chemicals and perturbations in …