The study aimed to analyze the adverse events associated with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A)
injections in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The literature search was completed using …

Objective: To present practice patterns for phenol neurolysis procedures conducted for
spasticity management. Design: A retrospective review of 185 persons with spasticity who …

Abstract Background The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
(AAPM&R) conducted a comprehensive review in 2021 to identify opportunities for …

Background When managing patients with focal spasticity, phenol neurolysis is often
avoided largely because of its presumed poor adverse effect profile. It is suggested that …

Background: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is a neuromuscular blocking agent. BTX-A
inhibits acetylcholine release, causes neuromuscular transmission impairment, and …

Objective: To describe the current state of the art in the therapeutic administration of
botulinum toxin with indications, efficacy, and safety profile for children and adolescents with …

This chapter provides a brief overview of a framework for the treatment of spasticity and
muscle stiffness in the context of the overall rehabilitation plan for patients with spastic …

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of combining salivary gland onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX-
A) injections for sialorrhea with intramuscular BTX-A injections for spasticity in the same …

Therapies for children with cerebral palsy (CP) often fail to address essential components of
early rehabilitation: intensity, child initiation, and an embodied approach. Sitting Together …

Spasticity is the most common presentation of all neurologic alterations in children with CP.
When the neurologic system loses motor control function and postural stability or weakens …