The goal of this review is to present a comprehensive survey of the many intriguing facets of
creatine (Cr) and creatinine metabolism, encompassing the pathways and regulation of Cr …

Synchronized SR calcium (Ca) release is critical to normal cardiac myocyte excitation-
contraction coupling, and ideally this release shuts off completely between heartbeats …

Breakthrough technologies to measure cellular oxygen consumption and proton efflux are
reigniting the study of cellular energetics by increasing the scope and pace with which …

How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle?
What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of …

The aim of this review is to provide basic information on the electrophysiological changes
during acute ischemia and reperfusion from the level of ion channels up to the level of …

Since it became clear that K+ shifts with exercise are extensive and can cause more than a
doubling of the extracellular [K+]([K+] s) as reviewed here, it has been suggested that these …

Objective: To study the ionic mechanisms of electrophysiologic changes in cell excitability
and action potential duration during the acute phase of myocardial ischemia. Methods …

There is good evidence that elevated [Ca2+] i, produced by an influx of Ca2+ in exchange
for Na+, is the underlying pathology in reperfusion or reoxygenation damage. Further …

Almost all cells transport sugars rapidly down the prevailing sugar concentration gradient
into or out of the cell. This transmembrane flux of sugars is mediated by a family of integral …

In the present review, we adopted the viewpoint of the physiologist looking at the global
function of the heart, during relaxation and diastole, as an integrated muscle-pump system …