The electron transport systems in mitochondria of many organisms contain alternative
respiratory enzymes distinct from those of the canonical respiratory system depicted in …

What are Placozoa? To us, Placozoa are the most unique animals one can think of (Figure
1). The bauplan of these always hungry creatures is by far the simplest of all animals—only …

ABSTRACT Invertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach is a comprehensive and
authoritative textbook adopting an explicitly phylogenetic organization. Most of the classical …

Symbiotic relationships between eukaryotic hosts and bacteria range from parasitism to
mutualism and may deeply influence both partners' fitness. The presence of intracellular …

Placozoans are one of the most ancient branches of metazoans. These animals have a
simple bodyplan with a dozen of cell types (Smith et al., 2014). The phenotypic similarity of …

The marine animal phylum Placozoa is characterized by a poorly explored cryptic
biodiversity combined with very limited knowledge of their ecology. While placozoans are …

The phylum Placozoa remains one of the least explored among early-branching metazoan
lineages. For over 130 years, this phylum had been represented by the single species …

Placozoans, flat free‐living marine invertebrates, possess an extremely simple bauplan
lacking neurons and muscle cells and represent one of the earliest‐branching metazoan …

Animals belonging to the phylum Placozoa (Grell 1971a, b) are small, benthic, and
exclusively marine. Their body depicts a more or less round, flat ciliated disk of variable …

Three valid species: Trichoplax adhaerens Schulze 1883 (Schulze, 1883), Hoilungia
hongkongensis Eitel, Schierwater and Wörheide 2018 (Eitel et al., 2018) and Polyplacotoma …