Unravelling the functional operation of neuronal networks and linking cellular activity to
specific behavioural outcomes are among the biggest challenges in neuroscience. In this …

Animal locomotion is the result of complex and multi-layered interactions between the
nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. Decoding the underlying …

Although the generation of movements is a fundamental function of the nervous system, the
underlying neural principles remain unclear. As flexor and extensor muscle activities …

Constant drive provided to the human lumbar spinal cord by epidural electrical stimulation
can cause local neural circuits to generate rhythmic motor outputs to lower limb muscles in …

Interactions between cervical and lumbar spinal circuits are mediated by long propriospinal
neurons (LPNs). Ablation of descending LPNs in mice disturbs left-right coordination at high …

The organization of neural circuits that form the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG)
and provide flexor–extensor and left–right coordination of neuronal activity remains largely …

Key points Quadrupeds express different gaits depending on speed of locomotion. Central
pattern generators (one per limb) within the spinal cord generate locomotor oscillations and …

Neural networks in the spinal cord known as central pattern generators produce the
sequential activation of muscles needed for locomotion. The overall locomotor network …

Layering of neural circuits facilitates the separation of neurons with high spatial sensitivity
from those that play integrative temporal roles. Although anatomical layers are readily …

Locomotion is a complex motor task executed by spinal neurons. Given the diversity of
spinal cord neurons, linking neuronal cell type to function is a challenge. Molecular …