The phenomenon of planar cell polarity is critically required for a myriad of morphogenetic
processes in metazoan and is accurately controlled by several conserved modules. Six …

In mammals, hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea together are
sophisticated “sensorineural” structures that transduce auditory information from the outside …

Our sense of hearing is mediated by sensory hair cells, precisely arranged and highly
specialized cells subdivided into outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). Light …

Acquisition of cell polarity generates signaling and cytoskeletal asymmetry and thus
underpins polarized cell behaviors during tissue morphogenesis. In epithelial tissues, both …

Apical constriction is a cell shape change critical to vertebrate neural tube closure, and the
contractile force required for this process is generated by actin-myosin networks. The …

Planar polarity describes the organization and orientation of polarized cells or cellular
structures within the plane of an epithelium. The sensory receptor hair cells of the vertebrate …

Type II spiral ganglion neurons provide afferent innervation to outer hair cells of the cochlea
and are proposed to have nociceptive functions important for auditory function and …

Sound is converted by hair cells in the cochlea into electrical signals, which are transmitted
by spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and heard by the auditory cortex. G protein-coupled …

During nervous system development, axons often undergo elaborate changes in branching
patterns before circuits have achieved their mature patterns of innervation. In the auditory …

Inner ear sensory afferent connections establish sensory maps between the inner ear hair
cells and the vestibular and auditory nuclei to allow vestibular and sound information …