Metformin, a well‐known AMPK agonist, has been widely used as the first‐line drug for
treating type 2 diabetes. There had been a significant concern regarding the use of …

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is rapidly increasing not only in
adults but also in children and adolescents. Diabetes is associated with macrovascular …

The myocardium is capable of utilizing different energy substrates, which is referred to as
“metabolic flexibility.” This process assures ATP production from fatty acids, glucose, lactate …

Background: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common chronic disorders worldwide and is
an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Studies investigating the risk of atrial and …

Following acute myocardial infarction, re-establishment of coronary perfusion aggravates
further injuries in the heart and remote organs including the brain as a consequence of …

Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent valvular disease
worldwide. However, no effective treatment could delay or prevent the progression of the …

Metformin has been shown to have various cardiovascular benefits beyond its
antihyperglycemic effects, including a reduction in stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction …

Metformin (MTF) is the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The euglycemic effect of
MTF is due to the inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Literature reports that the …

Coronary heart diseases are of high relevance for health care systems in developed
countries regarding patient numbers and costs. Disappointingly, the enormous effort put into …

Ischaemia reperfusion (I/R) injury following myocardial infarction reperfusion therapy is a
phenomenon that results in further loss of cardiomyocytes and cardiac contractility. Among …