Geochemical cycling and industrial pollution have made toxic metal ions a pervasive
environmental pressure throughout the world. Biofilm formation is a strategy that …

Abstract RcsC, RcsB, and RcsA were first identified as a sensor kinase, a response
regulator, and an auxiliary regulatory protein, respectively, regulating the genes of capsular …

Microbial metabolism of inorganics has been the subject of interest since the 1970s when it
was recognized that bacteria are involved in the transformation of metal compounds in the …

Our knowledge of transcriptional responses to changes in nutrient availability comes
primarily from few well-studied transcription factors (TFs), often lacking an unbiased genome …

Bacterial cultures produce subpopulations of cells termed 'persisters', reputedly known for
high tolerance to killing by antibiotics. Ecologically, antibiotics produced by competing …

The rcs phosphorelay pathway components were originally identified as regulators of
capsule synthesis. In addition to the transmembrane sensor kinase RcsC, the RcsA …

The envelope of bacteria is a complex multilayered shield that ensures multiple essential
functions, including protecting the cell from external assaults. Hence, bacterial cells have …

Quorum-sensing signal autoinducer 2 (AI-2) stimulates Escherichia coli biofilm formation
through the motility regulator MqsR that induces expression of the putative transcription …

Loss of the periplasm spanning protein TolA in Escherichia coli leads to activation of the Rcs
phosphorelay, and is required for full virulence in Gram-negative pathogens such as …

Cyanobacteria must continually alter their physiological growth state in response to changes
in light intensity and their nutritional and physical environment. Under typical laboratory …