In this paper, a literature review on two-wheeled vehicle systems is methodically performed
and presented. For this purpose, the principal aspects concerning the kinematic, dynamic …

Nowadays, many scientists and companies in the automotive sector in the world are
undertaking many important studies on electric vehicle technologies. For the electric vehicle …

Recognising hydrocarbon vehicles as significant greenhouse gas emitters, mainly CO2,
driving climate change underscores the urgent need to transition to sustainable, eco-friendly …

This research paper describes modifying a conventional bicycle into an electric bike by
retrofitting it with a single-phase boost power factor correction (PFC) rectifier for low power …

This study investigated the performance behaviour and energy management control
strategies of an electrified two-wheeled vehicle (E-TWV). The power and energy demands …

The purpose of this paper is to study how input parameters affect the dynamic characteristics
and electric consumption characteristics of an electric motorcycle. To achieve this goal, a …

In this study, inverse differential gear and power mode switching control were used to
develop a hybrid electric motorcycle (HEM). An inverse differential gear power splitter was …

The rising popularity of electric motorcycles (EMs) has drawn significant attention from
manufacturers and researchers. However, the limitation of small battery packs restricts riding …

Recently, research on personal mobility devices (PMDs) such as electric motorcycles,
electric bikes, electric scooters, and electric wheelchairs has been globally proceeded …

Light electric vehicles (LEV) are seen as an effective solution for reducing the carbon
emissions in the transportation sector thanks to their light weight and low energy …