The commercialization of integrated chemical sensor has been slowed by the difficulty of
device encapsulation and membrane application. For reasons of both cost and …

Asymmetric ion-selective membranes are shown to be advantageous for the fabrication of
solid-state ion sensors. These membranes have a hydrophilic, porous layer on top of the …

In this paper, electroplated aluminum is explored as both a material for the fabrication of
microstructures and use in the development of micromachining processes. A method for the …

In our previous work aimed at mass producing chemical sensors, we have used the
fabrication techniques of semiconductor processing and screen printing. In that work, we …

A new solvent/polymeric multiion-selective membrane electrode is described for use as a
flow-through detector in ion chromatography. Unlike conventional ion-selective membranes …

The first integrated chemical sensor was reported in 1970, but despite the large number of
potential applications, the commercialization of these sensors has been quite limited. Solid …

This document describes the design, implementation, and verification of CMOS-integrated
liquid chemical sensing systems for the detection of heavy metals and small ions in natural …