Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain
stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used to monitor and modulate the
excitability of intracortical neuronal circuits. Long periods of cortical stimulation can produce …

Background Treatment-resistant major depressive disorder is common; repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) by use of high-frequency (10 Hz) left-side …

Importance Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is common in older adults. Bilateral
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 48 …

Background In recent years, many studies have evaluated the effects of noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric …

Background Responses to a number of different plasticity-inducing brain stimulation
protocols are highly variable. However there is little data available on the variability of …

Abstract Background Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) paradigms are unique in their
ability to safely modulate cortical plasticity for experimental or therapeutic applications …

The after-effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are highly variable
between individuals. Because different populations of cortical neurons are stimulated more …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical
and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures …