Epidemiological data from the Center of Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health
Organization (WHO) statistics in 2017 show that 10.0 million people around the world …

Concern over antibiotic resistance is growing, and new classes of antibiotics, particularly
against Gram-negative bacteria, are needed. However, even if the scientific hurdles can be …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

(Macro) autophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …

Research in autophagy continues to accelerate, 1 and as a result many new scientists are
entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for …

Autophagy is a dynamic process of subcellular degradation, which has recently sparked
great interest as it is now recognized to be involved in various developmental processes and …

Background. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs, targeting HMG-CoA reductase, thereby
reducing the risk of coronary disorders and hypercholesterolemia. However, they also can …

Azithromycin is a potent macrolide antibiotic with poorly understood antiinflammatory
properties. Long-term use of azithromycin in patients with chronic inflammatory lung …

Degradation processes are important for optimal functioning of eukaryotic cells. The two
major protein degradation pathways in eukaryotes are the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway …

Autophagy is the major degradative process for recycling cytoplasmic constituents and
eliminating unnecessary organelles in eukaryotic cells. Most autophagy-related (Atg) …