As society transitions to low-carbon, renewable energy resources, the demand for metals
and minerals is set to increase. Massive quantities of base metals and mineral materials (for …

Iron formations display some of the oldest and most enigmatic landforms on Earth, presently
restricted to few areas of the planet. The original rock, the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) was …

Lithology plays a fundamental role in rock weathering and erosion, and in landscape
evolution. When weathering‐and erosion‐prone lithologies are protected from erosion by …

Abstract The Espinhaço Range is the scene of a long history of exposure to chemical
weathering and erosion processes since the Cretaceous. As a result, ferruginous duricrusts …

Geochemical analyses of groundwater samples and water‒rock interaction experiments
were conducted to elucidate the hydrochemical process of the water‒rock interactions in the …

Lateritic duricrusts cover iron ore deposits and form spatially restricted, unique canga
ecosystems endangered by mining. Iron cycling, ie, the dissolution and subsequent …

Most cave formation requires mass separation from a host rock in a process that operates
outward from permeable pathways to create the cave void. Given the poor solubility of Fe (III) …

The Carajás plateaus in Brazil host endemic epilithic vegetation (“campo rupestre”) on top of
ironstone duricrusts, known as canga. This capping rock is primarily composed of iron (III) …

Introduction The microbial-induced restoration of ferruginous crusts (canga), which partially
cover iron deposits and host unique ecosystems, is a promising alternative for reducing the …

Bioremediation using microorganisms is an emerging green technology for the remediation
of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils and sediments. However, such technology can …