The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands
and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has …

CD22 (Siglec 2) is a receptor predominantly restricted to B cells. It was initially characterized
over 30 years ago and named “CD22” in 1984 at the 2nd International workshop in Boston …

Summary Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cells lacking IgD and
CD27 (double negative; DN). We show that DN cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5 …

Chronic infectious diseases have a substantial impact on the human B cell compartment
including a notable expansion of B cells here termed atypical B cells (ABCs). Using …

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) contribute to immune regulation. However, the mechanisms of
action of Bregs remain elusive. Here, we report that T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune illness marked by the loss of
immune tolerance and the production of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and other …

Semaphorins have a well-characterized role in guiding axon repulsion during development;
however, the important contribution of these proteins in immunity is becoming increasingly …

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the activation of B cells that produce
anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA s) and rheumatoid factors (RF s), but the …

Aberrant B cell signaling plays a critical in role in various systemic and organ-specific
autoimmune diseases. This is supported by genetic evidence by many functional studies in …

Aging entails changes at the cellular level that increase the risk of various pathologies. An
association between gut microbiota and age-related diseases has also been attributed. This …