Fragmented natural habitats, such as old-growth forests, have been often considered island-
like systems. However, whereas the isolation of real islands is mostly a function of their …

Creating native woodland is a policy goal globally, and one strategy to maximize woodland
creation benefits in limited space is to target efforts to extend existing woodlands. There is …

Question Natural reforestation is an important component of climate mitigation and
adaptation, but the ecological processes promoting or constraining it are poorly understood …

Colonisation credit refers to the temporal lag between positive conservation actions and
species' responses and may be one of the reasons we fail to meet short‐term conservation …

Questions Abandonment of agricultural land followed by tree planting or natural
regeneration has increased forest area in Europe. We asked how restoration approach, past …

The influence of fragmentation per se on biodiversity is hotly debated, with evidence of
negative, neutral, or even positive effects after controlling for habitat amount. Principles from …

As cities consume increasing land area worldwide, we need more investigation of the effects
of urbanization on forests. Here we provide a comprehensive example of how the growth of …

Reforestation initiatives are underway across the world. However, we know relatively little
about the ecological consequences of creating and restoring forest ecosystems, and there is …

Environmental heterogeneity can significantly modify the rate of species extinction with an
increase in anthropogenic load and the rate of recolonization of disturbed territories after a …

Forest floor vegetation includes all plants under the forest stand, including shrubs, herbs,
and ferns. The presence of a forest floor vegetation community in a landscape positively …