The basic building blocks of communication are signals, assembled in various sequences
and combinations, and used in virtually all inter-and intra-specific interactions. While signal …

The theory of warning signals dates back to Wallace but is still confusing, controversial and
complex. Because predator avoidance of warningly coloured prey (aposematism) is based …

Avoiding Attack discusses the diversity of mechanisms by which prey avoid predator attacks
and explores how such defensive mechanisms have evolved through natural selection. It …

Publisher Summary Birds can see ultraviolet (UV) light because, unlike humans, their lenses
and other ocular media transmit UV, and they possess a class of photoreceptor, which is …

Atmospheric ammonia is a major aerial pollutant of poultry buildings. The current exposure
limits for ammonia of 25ppm are set on the basis of human safety rather than animal welfare …

Arthropod herbivory induces plant volatiles that can be used by natural enemies of the
herbivores to find their prey. This has been studied mainly for arthropods that prey upon or …

THE α+-thalassaemias are the commonest known human genetic disorders, affecting up to
80 per cent of some populations1. Although there is good evidence from both …

Summary 1 Although the ability to detect chemical cues is widespread in many organisms, it
is surprising how little is known about the role of chemical communication in avian life …

The paradox of avian olfaction lies in an apparent discrepancy between two sorts of data. On
the one hand, the everyday observations of generations of ornithologists suggest that birds …

ANIMAL signals are often'multicomponent'1–3, consisting of displays with several parts to
allow exploitation of different senses. An example is the courtship display of the peacock …