Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their
perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to …

This review examines the photophysical properties of an interesting and biologically
important class of proteins known as the rhodopsins. The visual rhodopsins are responsible …

Owing to the role of exosome as a cargo for intercellular communication, especially in
cancer metastasis, the evidence has been consistently accumulated that exosomes can be …

Femtosecond optical measurement techniques have been used to study the primary
photoprocesses in the light-driven transmembrane proton pump bacteriorhodopsin. Light …

Rhodopsin, the protein responsible for converting light into an optic nerve impulse, and
bacteriorhodopsin, the light transducing protein of the purple membrane of Halobacterium …

L, and bR—* M photoreactions in bacteriorhodopsin mutants in which Asp residues 85, 96,
115, and 212 have been replaced by Asn and by Glu. Difference peaks that had previously …

The discovery of the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin (ChR) set the stage for the
novel field of optogenetics, where cellular processes are controlled by light. However, the …

In 1961, two concepts of energy coupling were published, one by Mitchell I and the other by
Williams z, both dealing with the transfer of charges (electrons, H÷, OH-) in biological energy …

Chemical dynamics in proteins are discussed, with bacteriorhodopsin serving as a model
system. Ultrafast time-resolved methods used to probe the chemical dynamics of retinal …

Internal water molecules are considered to play a crucial role in the functional processes of
proton pump proteins. They may participate in hydrogen-bonding networks inside proteins …