Belowground competition occurs when plants decrease the growth, survival, or fecundity of
neighbors by reducing available soil resources. Competition belowground can be stronger …

The immunogenicity of polysaccharides as human vaccines was enhanced by coupling to
protein carriers. Conjugation transformed the T cell-independent polysaccharide vaccines of …

The fate of photosynthetic carbon in marine ecosystems dominated by different types of
primary producers was examined by compiling published reports on herbivory, autotrophic …

Glycoconjugate vaccines provide effective prophylaxis against bacterial infections. To date,
however, no commercial vaccine has been available in which the key carbohydrate antigens …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major human pathogen causing pneumonia, sepsis,
meningitis, and otitis media (12). It causes infections most often in young children (12) and …

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of invasive bacterial
infection in young children worldwide. During childhood, acquisition of antibody directed …

Glycoconjugate vaccines, in which a cell surface carbohydrate from a micro-organism is
covalently attached to an appropriate carrier protein are proving to be the most effective …

Childhood immunization is one of the major public health measures of the 20th century and
is now receiving special attention from the Clinton administration. At the same time, some …

Abstract Evaluation of the new generation of conjugate vaccines is hampered by the
absence of reliable surrogate markers of immunologic memory. Memory responses are …

The first glycoconjugate vaccine for use in humans, a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
conjugate, was licensed in the USA in 1987 and shortly thereafter was introduced into the …