The signaling effect states that learners profit from cues that highlight the organization of
specific relevant information within materials. This meta-analysis includes 103 studies and …

The signaling principle recommends emphasizing relevant aspects of a multimedia
message by means of signals (eg, color coding). We determined the effectiveness of signals …

Unit pricing (ie, displaying prices per unit of volume or weight) is deemed helpful for grocery
shoppers. Many countries mandate that supermarkets provide unit prices. However …

Multimedia engineering instruction typically includes verbal descriptions and diagrams,
which can be presented in a contextualized format, using descriptions and illustrations of …

This study explored how learning in a simulation environment with a single representation
compares to learning with concreteness fading in the domain of electric circuits in secondary …

The present study investigates the effects that concreteness fading has on learning and
transfer across three grade levels (4–6) in elementary school science education in …

<? Pub Dtl=""?> Novice learners are typically unfamiliar with abstract engineering symbols.
They are also often unaccustomed to instructional materials consisting of a combination of …

Background Engineering students commonly learn domain knowledge by engaging with
visual representations of it. However, at times they have trouble accessing information from …

Presenting a pictorial representation followed by a textual representation supports learners
to build a coherent mental model. Providing an elaboration prompt stimulates learners to …

Computational simplification tools can make complex information sources easier to read for
engineering designers. To guide and evaluate such approaches, it is necessary to …