Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what
types and aspects of stress matter most for human health and disease. This is in part …

Mental processes and their neural substrates are intimately linked to the homeostatic control
of internal bodily state. There are a set of distinct interoceptive pathways that directly and …

The term “salience network” refers to a suite of brain regions whose cortical hubs are the
anterior cingulate and ventral anterior insular (ie, frontoinsular) cortices. This network, which …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is of paramount importance for daily life. Its regulatory
action on respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, and many other systems is …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) comprises a set of interconnected regions that
integrate information from affective sensory and social cues, long-term memory, and …

Psychological stress is thought to arise from appraisal processes that ascribe threat-related
meaning to experiences that tax or exceed our coping ability. Neuroimaging research …

Despite an extensive body of reported information about peripheral and central mechanisms
involved in the pathophysiology of IBS symptoms, no comprehensive disease model has …

The cardiovascular system is essential for life and has been a central focus of
psychophysiological investigation for several reasons. First, at least some its parameters …

Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is defined by a heart rate increment of 30 beats/min
or more within 10 minutes of standing or head-up tilt in the absence of orthostatic …