Introducing hydration layers to hydrogel microspheres (HMs) by coating the surface with
liposomes can effectively reduce friction. However, the lubrication can be inactivated when …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide widely
distributed in the nervous system, where it exerts strong neuroprotective effects. PACAP is …

The neuroendocrine and immune systems are coordinated to maintain the homeostasis of
the organism, generating bidirectional communication through shared mediators and …

Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that is released from sensory nerve endings and is
widely present in nerve fibers. It acts on bones and related tissues by binding to receptors …

Osteoarthritis (OA); the most common form of degenerative joint disease, is associated with
variations in pro-inflammatory growth factor levels, inflammation and hypocellularity …

Skeletal development is a complex process regulated by multifactorial signaling cascades
that govern proper tissue specific cell differentiation and matrix production. The influence of …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide
also secreted by non-neural cells, including chondrocytes. PACAP signaling is involved in …

Objective Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP) expressed in
capsaicin‐sensitive sensory neurons and immune cells has divergent functions in …

Joint tissues like synovium, articular cartilage, meniscus and subchondral bone, are targets
for neuropeptides. Resident cells of these tissues express receptors for various …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a broadly expressed
neuropeptide which has diverse effects in both the peripheral and central nervous systems …