Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance,
leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorders. In this
paper, we discuss how environmental factors (eg, geography, cigarette smoking, sanitation …

Dysbiosis is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unclear which specific
intestinal bacteria predispose to and which protect from IBD and how they are regulated …

In recent years, investigators have readdressed the complex issues involved in the
classification of inflammatory bowel diseases. In 2003, a Working Party of investigators with …

Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, the two main types of chronic inflammatory bowel
disease, are multifactorial conditions of unknown aetiology. A susceptibility locus for Crohn's …

Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are organised as a single cell layer which covers the intestine.
Their primary task is to absorb nutrients present in the intestinal lumen. However, IEC also …

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic
inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Enormous progress has been made …

The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are
recognized as important causes of gastrointestinal disease in children and adults. In this …

All animals, including humans, live in symbiotic association with microorganisms. The
immune system accommodates host colonization by the microbiota, maintains microbiota …

Genome-wide strategies have driven the discovery of more than 300 susceptibility loci for
autoimmune diseases. However, for almost all loci, understanding of the mechanisms …