The avian eggshell is a natural protective envelope that relies on the phenomenon of
biomineralization for its formation. The shell is made of calcium carbonate in the form of …

The major pigment in eggshells of brown-egg laying hens is protoporphyrin IX, but traces of
biliverdin and its zinc chelates are also present. The pigment appears to be synthesized in …

Eggs and egg products form an integral part of the food chain. As such, research into egg
structure, function, and production has made an important contribution to the field of poultry …

Cleidoic eggs possess very efficient and orchestrated systems to protect the embryo from
external microbes until hatch. The cuticle is a proteinaceous layer on the shell surface in …

The avian embryo develops within a specialized biological container (eggshell) that
contains crucial nutritional compartments (albumen, yolk). We analyzed the transcriptome of …

Gallus gallus eggshell is a bioceramic composed of 95% calcium carbonate in calcitic form
and 3.5% extracellular organic matrix. The calcification process occurs in the uterine fluid …

The avian eggshell is a remarkable biomineral, which is essential for avian reproduction; its
properties permit embryonic development in the desiccating terrestrial environment, and …

Eggshell is a bioceramic composed of 95% calcium carbonate mineral and 3.5% organic
matrix. Its structural organisation is controlled by its organic matrix. We have used …

This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV)
affects eggshell quality. Thirty-week-old specific pathogen free egg-laying hens were …

The calcitic avian eggshell provides physical protection for the embryo during its
development, but also regulates water and gaseous exchange, and is a calcium source for …