PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP 3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly
opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly …

Objectives: To develop evidence-based guideline recommendations through a systematic
review of the literature to establish standard molecular biomarker testing of colorectal cancer …

Regulation of the PI-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway is essential for maintaining the
integrity of fundamental cellular processes, cell growth, survival, death and metabolism, and …

Abstract PI3K/AKT signaling leads to reduced apoptosis, stimulates cell growth and
increases proliferation. Under normal conditions, PI3K/AKT activation is tightly controlled …

It is widely accepted that alterations to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the
abundance of its enzymatic product prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) have key roles in influencing …

PTEN is one of the most frequently inactivated tumor suppressor genes in cancer. Loss or
variation in PTEN gene/protein levels is commonly observed in a broad spectrum of human …

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase and generates
phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-trisphosphate (PI (3, 4, 5) P3). PI (3, 4, 5) P3 is a second …

Purpose The occurrence of KRAS mutation is predictive of nonresponse and shorter survival
in patients treated by anti–epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody for …

The PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) tumour
suppressor is a PI (phosphoinositide) 3-phosphatase that can inhibit cellular proliferation …

Poulogiannis G, Frayling IM & Arends MJ (2010) Histopathology56, 167–179 DNA mismatch
repair deficiency in sporadic colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome DNA mismatch repair …