Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced
the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to …

Preterm infants are exposed to frequent painful procedures and agitating stimuli over the
many weeks of their hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The adverse …

Background Pain in the neonate is associated with acute behavioural and physiological
changes. Cumulative pain is associated with morbidities, including adverse …

Centralized pain syndromes are associated with changes within the central nervous system
that amplify peripheral input and/or generate the perception of pain in the absence of a …

Although individual behaviors have not been proven to have a strong influence on the risk of
preterm birth, consistent evidence suggests that a constellation of favorable lifestyle factors …

Context Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear
understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain. Objective To report …

The third trimester of pregnancy represents a sensitive phase for infant brain plasticity when
a series of fast-developing cellular events (synaptogenesis, neuronal migration, and …

Objective To develop evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain
and its adverse consequences. Compared with older children and adults, neonates are …

Self-destructive behavior in current society promotes a search for psychobiological factors
underlying this epidemic. Perinatal brain plasticity increases the vulnerability to early …

Background Neonates are frequently subjected to painful procedures, with the most
immature infants receiving the highest number of painful events. 3,–5 Despite …