Oncology care is increasingly a multidisciplinary endeavour, and radiation therapy
continues to have a key role across the disease spectrum in nearly every cancer. However …

Abstract Recently, deep learning (DL)‐based methods for the generation of synthetic
computed tomography (sCT) have received significant research attention as an alternative to …

The biological effectiveness of proton beams relative to photon beams in radiation therapy
has been taken to be 1.1 throughout the history of proton therapy. While potentially …

Proton therapy treatments are based on a proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness)
relative to high-energy photons of 1.1. The use of this generic, spatially invariant RBE within …

Radiotherapy should have low toxicity in the entrance channel (normal tissue) and be very
effective in cell killing in the target region (tumour). In this regard, ions heavier than protons …

The treatment of cancer with proton radiation therapy was first suggested in 1946 followed
by the first treatments in the 1950s. As of 2020, almost 200 000 patients have been treated …

Purpose: While Monte Carlo particle transport has proven useful in many areas (treatment
head design, dose calculation, shielding design, and imaging studies) and has been …

Charged particle therapy has been largely driven and influenced by nuclear physics. The
increase in energy deposition density along the ion path in the body allows reducing the …

Secondary radiation emission induced by nuclear reactions is correlated to the path of ions
in matter. Therefore, such penetrating radiation can be used for in vivo control of …

Protons are an interesting modality for radiotherapy because of their well defined range and
favourable depth dose characteristics. On the other hand, these same characteristics lead to …