Together, loss-and gain-of-function experiments have identified the bone-derived secreted
molecule osteocalcin as a hormone with a broad reach in rodents and primates. Following …

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are important regulators of
bone remodelling and metabolism and have an essential role in the achievement and …

Abstract Cosponsoring Associations: The American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the
European Society of Endocrinology, and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. This guideline was …

Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder characterized by altered body image, persistent
food restriction and low body weight, and is associated with global endocrine dysregulation …

A fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX™) is developed based on the use of clinical risk
factors with or without bone mineral density tests applied to the UK. Introduction The aim of …

The female athlete triad (Triad) refers to the interrelationships among energy availability,
menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations …

Stress fracture, in its most inclusive description, includes both fatigue and insufficiency
fracture. Fatigue fractures, sometimes equated with the term “stress fractures,” are most …

Abstract GH and IGF-I are important regulators of bone homeostasis and are central to the
achievement of normal longitudinal bone growth and bone mass. Although GH may act …

Context: Although women with anorexia nervosa (AN) have severe depletion of body fat, a
paradoxical increase in bone marrow fat has been described. Recent data suggest that …

The purpose of the current article is to summarize the evidence‐based medical
complications and treatments that are both common and unique to adolescents with …