The soft‐bodied cephalopods including octopus, cuttlefish, and squid are broadly
considered to be the most cognitively advanced group of invertebrates. Previous research …

Humans exhibit a suite of biases when making economic decisions. We review recent
research on the origins of human decision making by examining whether similar choice …

People can time travel cognitively because they can remember events having occurred at
particular times in the past (episodic memory) and because they can anticipate new events …

To make adaptive choices, individuals must sometimes exhibit patience, forgoing immediate
benefits to acquire more valuable future rewards [1–3]. Although humans account for future …

Many situations in human life present choices between (a) narrowly preferred particular
alternatives and (b) narrowly less preferred (or aversive) particular alternatives that …

The ability to exert self-control varies within and across taxa. Some species can exert self-
control for several seconds whereas others, such as large-brained vertebrates, can tolerate …

Nineteen treatment-seeking men meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental
Disorders (4th ed.) criteria for pathological gambling and 19 demographically matched …

Obtaining convincing evidence for spatial memory of natural food sources in wild animals is
hard because the observer rarely knows as much about the available food as does the …

Decision making often involves choosing between small, short-term rewards and large, long-
term rewards. All animals, humans included, discount future rewards—the present value of …

Much recent work has examined the evolutionary origins of human mental state
representations. This work has yielded strikingly consistent results: primates show a …