The most influential account of phasic dopamine holds that it reports reward prediction
errors (RPEs). The RPE-based interpretation of dopamine signaling is, in its original form …

Notions of surprise and novelty have been used in various experimental and theoretical
studies across multiple brain areas and species. However,'surprise'and 'novelty'refer to …

Flexible decision-making requires animals to forego immediate rewards (exploitation) and
try novel choice options (exploration) to discover if they are preferable to familiar …

Behavioral and economic theory dictate that we decide between options based on their
values. However, humans and animals eagerly seek information about uncertain future …

Animals both explore and avoid novel objects in the environment, but the neural
mechanisms that underlie these behaviors and their dynamics remain uncharacterized …

Prethalamic nuclei in the mammalian brain include the zona incerta, the ventral lateral
geniculate nucleus, and the intergeniculate leaflet, which provide long-range inhibition to …

The zona incerta (ZI) is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node
of the circuits for global behavioral modulation. However, the long-range connectivity of …

Background The zona incerta (ZI) is involved in mediating survival behaviors and is
connected to a wide range of cortical and subcortical structures, including key basal ganglia …

The zona incerta (ZI) is a subthalamic region composed by loosely packed neurochemically
mixed neurons, juxtaposed to the main ascending and descending bundles. The extreme …

For many years, neuroscientists have investigated the behavioural, computational and
neurobiological mechanisms that support value-based decisions, revealing how humans …