Background Tobacco smoking in pregnancy causes serious health problems for the
developing fetus and mother. When used by non‐pregnant smokers, pharmacotherapies …

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

The effects of prenatal exposure to drugs on brain development are complex and are
modulated by the timing, dose and route of drug exposure. It is difficult to assess these …

CNS-active drugs are used relatively often during pregnancy. Use during early pregnancy
may increase the risk of a congenital malformation; use during the later part of pregnancy …

Objective: To improve awareness and knowledge of problematic substance use in
pregnancy and to provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of this …

Objectives To improve awareness and knowledge of problematic substance use in
pregnancy and to provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of this …

A large body of documented evidence has found that smoking during pregnancy is harmful
to both the mother and the fetus. Prenatal exposure to nicotine in various forms alters …

The placenta plays a critical role in mammalian reproduction. Although it is a transient
organ, its function is indispensable to communication between the mother and fetus, and …

We conducted a systematic literature review to identify and critically evaluate studies of
serious adverse health effects (SAHEs) in humans using nicotine replacement therapy …

Background and aims Smoking in pregnancy causes substantial avoidable harm to mothers
and offspring; nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may prevent this, and is used to help …