Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-
apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major …

Chitosan is a natural alkaline polysaccharide, which widely exists in marine crustaceans
such as shrimp and crab, has been shown to have various biological activities. It has …

Macrophages are one of the immune populations frequently found in colorectal tumors and
high macrophage infiltration has been associated with both better and worst prognosis …

Cancer immunotherapy is an effective antitumor approach through activating immune
systems to eradicate tumors by immunotherapeutics. However, direct administration of …

Recent years have seen a renaissance in the research linking inflammation and cancer with
immune cells playing a central role in smouldering inflammation in the tumor …

Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising approach for repairing diseased and damaged bone
tissue. Injectable hydrogel based strategies offer a wide range of applications in rapid …

Vaccination is an innovative strategy for cancer treatment by leveraging various components
of the patients' immunity to boost an anti-tumor immune response. Rationally designed …

Numerous biopolymer-based functional composites have been developed for medical
applications. Poly (glutamic acid)(PGA) is an amino acid biopolymer that has recently …

Biological interactions between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer cells and
other cells within the tumor microenvironment contribute to tumorigenesis, tumor growth …

Immunotherapy is an emerging treatment option for use following traditional cancer
treatments (surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Due to the complexity of the …