Globally, coastlines are under pressure as coastal human population growth and
urbanization continues, while climatic change leads to stormier seas and rising tides. These …

Barrier islands occur in north-western Europe between the North Sea and the Wadden Sea
along the coast of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. Geomorphological units such as …

The diversity and structure of ecosystems has been found to depend both on trophic
interactions in food webs and on other species interactions such as habitat modification and …

Food webs are an integral part of every ecosystem on the planet, yet understanding the
mechanisms shaping these complex networks remains a major challenge. Recently, several …

Reefs formed by Ostrea edulis, the European native oyster, are among many biogenic
habitats that have declined globally. European oyster habitats are now rare, and …

Pennatulacean octocorals (sea pens), one of the primary conservation targets of the
Laurentian Channel Marine Protected Area (MPA) in eastern Canada, occur at high …

In conservation strategies of marine ecosystems, priority is given to habitat-structuring
foundation species (eg seagrasses, mangroves and reef-building corals, shellfish) with the …

The rapid reorganization of global biodiversity has triggered an intense research effort to
understand its consequences for ecosystem functioning. However, efforts to monitor …

The effective use of ecosystem engineers in biodiversity conservation is contingent on an
understanding of those factors that influence the magnitude and direction of their effects. At …

The supply of ecosystem services (ES) that benefit humanity are derived from multiple,
interacting ecological functions and processes. Focusing on the ecological mechanisms that …