Tumor immunotherapy is only effective in a fraction of patients due to a low response rate
and severe side effects, and these challenges of immunotherapy in clinics can be addressed …

Type I interferons (IFNs)(IFN-α, IFN-β) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ) share many properties,
including induction by viral infection, activation of shared signaling pathways, and …

Background Checkpoint inhibitors are standard adjuvant treatment for stage IIB–IV resected
melanoma, but many patients recur. Our study aimed to evaluate whether mRNA-4157 …

Melanoma represents the most aggressive and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Current
therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy …

Cytokines that control the immune response were shown to have efficacy in preclinical
murine cancer models. Interferon (IFN)-α is approved for treatment of hairy cell leukemia …

The interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines that protect against disease by direct effects
on target cells and by activating immune responses. The production and actions of IFNs are …

Melanoma is among the most sensitive of malignancies to immune modulation. Although
multiple trials conducted over decades with vaccines, cytokines, and cell therapies …

In the past decade, major advances have been made in the understanding of melanoma.
New predisposition genes have been reported and key somatic events, such as BRAF …

Immunotherapy has become the central pillar of cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint
inhibitors (ICIs), a major category of tumor immunotherapy, reactivate preexisting anticancer …

The mixture of cytokines that is produced in the tumour microenvironment has an important
role in cancer pathogenesis. Cytokines that are released in response to infection …