Birds have been widely used as sentinels of ecosystem health reflecting changes in habitat
quality, increased incidence of disease, and exposure to and effects of chemical …

Vertebrates cope with physiological challenges using two major mechanisms: the immune
system and the hypothalamic pituitary–adrenal axis (eg, the glucocorticoid stress response) …

Ingestion of lead (Pb) shot pellets constitutes the main cause of Pb poisoning in avifauna.
We studied the effects of sublethal Pb exposure on immunity, carotenoid-based coloration …

In the Athabasca oil sands region of northern Alberta, mining companies are evaluating
reclamation using constructed wetlands for integration of tailings. From May to July 2008 …

Subchronic exposure to arsenic in rats was investigated to identify sensitive indicators of
subclinical toxicity in rats. Immunological, pathological, and biochemical bioindicators were …

Stress is a collective term for certain conditions and sequences of physiological events
enabling living organisms to overcome unpredictable and uncontrollable situations. The …

Immune defenses vary widely across individuals and species. The field of evolutionary and
ecological immunology (also recognized as ecoimmunology) seeks to uncover both the …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of malathion on the immune system of
wild birds, using Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) as a model. Quail were …

The present study investigated the effects of lead (Pb) on immune responses in quail
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) and the pathological impact of exposure to an infectious agent …

This study evaluated the impact of oral perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on Japanese quail at
concentrations found in American and Belgian workers at PFOA manufacturing facilities …