Highlights•We undertake a review of collective animal behaviour using Tinbergen's four
questions.•We thus identify a lack of optimality theory in collective animal behaviour.•We …

Animals must often decide between exploiting safe options or risky options with a chance for
large gains. Both proximate theories based on perceptual mechanisms, and evolutionary …

Exceptional natural phenomena, such as those that occur during a total solar eclipse,
provide unique opportunities to study animal behavior outside the naturally evolved context …

Many ants establish foraging routes through learning views of the visual panorama. Route
models have focused primarily on attractive view use, which experienced foragers orient …

Animals, including humans, frequently make decisions involving risk or uncertainty. Different
strategies in these decisions can be advantageous depending the circumstances. Short …

We theoretically study decision-making behaviour in a model-based analysis related to
binary choices with pulsed stimuli. Assuming a strong coupling between external stimulus …

Animals must often decide between exploiting safe options or risky options with a chance for
large gains. While traditional optimal foraging theories assume rational energy …

Many ant species are able to establish routes between goal locations by learning views of
the surrounding visual panorama. Route formation models have, until recently, focused on …

Scientists have always been fascinated and puzzled by the marvel that is the human brain.
This organ seems to be of an exaggerated size for our body, demanding an enormous …