The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

A common need for microbial cells is the ability to respond to potentially toxic environmental
insults. Here we review the progress in understanding the response of the yeast …

Cullin–RING complexes comprise the largest known class of ubiquitin ligases. Owing to the
great diversity of their substrate-receptor subunits, it is possible that there are hundreds of …

The ability to adapt to altered availability of free water is a fundamental property of living
cells. The principles underlying osmoadaptation are well conserved. The yeast …

The Mediator complex is a multi-subunit assembly that appears to be required for regulating
expression of most RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcripts, which include protein-coding and …

Cells reprogram gene expression in response to environmental changes by mobilizing
transcriptional activators. The activator protein Gcn4 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

DNA-binding transcriptional regulators interpret the genome's regulatory code by binding to
specific sequences to induce or repress gene expression. Comparative genomics has …

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit consists of multiple
heptad repeats (consensus Tyr1–Ser2–Pro3–Thr4–Ser5–Pro6–Ser7), varying in number …

TGF-β and BMP receptor kinases activate Smad transcription factors by C-terminal
phosphorylation. We have identified a subsequent agonist-induced phosphorylation that …

Protein modifications provide cells with exquisite temporal and spatial control of protein
function. Ubiquitin is among the most important modifiers, serving both to target hundreds of …