During the last decades, a variety of digital tools have been developed to support both the
planning and management of cities, as well as the inclusion of civic society. Here, the …

Increasing urbanisation has inevitably led to the continuous construction of buildings. Urban
expansion and densification processes reshape cities and, in particular, the third dimension …

Differences in the scope and intent of the contrasting IFC and CityGML data formats entail
that converting the former to the latter results in loss of information. However, for some use …

The creation of an accurate simulation of future urban growth is considered to be one of the
most important challenges of the last five decades that involves spatial modeling within a …

The protection and balance of visibility and the visual interface of urban historic landmarks
has been widely regarded in urban development and expansion. Taking Tiger Hill in …

A urban digital twin is the virtual representation of real assets, processes, systems and
subsystems of a city. It uses and integrates heterogeneous data to learn and evolve with the …

Abstract Background Computer Generated Animations (CGA), when applied to three-
dimensional (3D) city models (3DCM), can be used as powerful tools to support urban …

New urban strategies encourage compact city and higher density urban development due to
unprecedented city growth and rapid urbanisation. This has led to greater attention to multi …

Recent innovations in 3D processing and availability of geospatial data have contributed
largely to more comprehensive solutions to data visualization. As various data formats are …

Urban planning and management increasingly depend on accurate building and population
data. However, many regions lack sufficient resources to acquire and maintain these data …