This review focuses on neuropeptides and peptide hormones, the largest and most diverse
class of neuroactive substances, known in Drosophila and other animals to play roles in …

The advantages of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, including low genetic
redundancy, functional simplicity, and the ability to conduct large-scale genetic screens …

The anatomy of many neural circuits is being characterized with increasing resolution, but
their molecular properties remain mostly unknown. Here, we characterize gene expression …

Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …

Vision enables both image-forming perception, driven by a contrast-based pathway, and
unconscious non-image-forming circadian photoentrainment, driven by an irradiance-based …

Light is the most important Zeitgeber for entraining animal activity rhythms to the 24-h day. In
all animals, the eyes are the main visual organs that are not only responsible for motion and …

Locomotor activity rhythms are controlled by a network of~ 150 circadian neurons within the
adult Drosophila brain. They are subdivided based on their anatomical locations and …

It has been known for more than 40 years that individual neurons can produce more than
one neurotransmitter and that neuropeptides often are colocalized with small molecule …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology,
because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock …

Circadian rhythms are generated by the cyclic transcription, translation, and degradation of
clock gene products, including timeless (tim), but how the circadian clock senses and adapts …