The oceans are losing oxygen (O 2), and oxygen minimum zones are expanding due to
climate warming (lower O 2 solubility) and eutrophication related to agriculture. This trend is …

Intertidal microphytobenthic (MPB) biofilms are key sites for coastal primary production,
predominantly by pennate diatoms exhibiting photo‐regulation via non‐photochemical …

As unicellular predators, ciliates engage in close associations with diverse microbes, laying
the foundation for the establishment of endosymbiosis. Originally heterotrophic, ciliates …

The central function of frustules—transparent glass shells surrounding the diatoms—is still
enigmatic. This chapter summarizes some of the most common hypotheses related to …

Foraminifera are unicellular organisms that established the most diverse algal symbioses in
the marine realm. Endosymbiosis repeatedly evolved in several lineages, while some …

Plastid symbioses between heterotrophic hosts and algae are widespread and abundant in
surface oceans. They are critically important both for extant ecological systems and for …

Background Intracellular sequestration requires specialized cellular and molecular
mechanisms allowing a predator to retain and use specific organelles that once belonged to …

Investigations of the metabolic capabilities of anaerobic protists advances our
understanding of the evolution of eukaryotic life on Earth and for uncovering analogous …

This work reports the first description of benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the Gironde
estuary (France) with a particular emphasis on the non-indigenous species Ammonia …

In mudflats, interactions and transfers of nutrients and secondary metabolites may drive
ecosystems and biodiversity. Foraminifera have complex trophic strategies as they often rely …