Transdermal microneedle (MN) patches are a promising tool used to transport a wide variety
of active compounds into the skin. To serve as a substitute for common hypodermic needles …

Chronic pain is a condition in which pain progresses from an acute to chronic state and
persists beyond the healing process. Chronic pain impairs function and decreases patients' …

Background and Objective: Heart rate variability (HRV) as an index of the autonomic
nervous system appears to be related to reactivity to experimental pain stimuli. HRV could …

Cognition is defined as the brain's ability to acquire, process, store, and retrieve information.
Pain has been described as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience, and for …

Objective This article reviews the structural and functional changes in pain chronification
and explores the association between memory and the development of chronic pain …

Human-human social touch improves mood and alleviates pain. No studies have so far
tested the effect of human-robot emotional touch on experimentally induced pain ratings, on …

Simple Summary Current acute pain assessment protocols in domestic animals require the
use of a suite of methods to evaluate the multidimensional components of pain. Thermal …

Hypnosis is well documented in the literature in the management of acute and chronic pain.
Virtual reality (VR) is currently gaining credibility in the same fields as hypnosis for medical …

Nociception refers to the process of encoding and processing noxious stimuli, which allow
animals to detect and avoid potentially harmful stimuli. Several types of stimuli can trigger …

Chronic pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that persists or recurs
more than three months and may extend beyond the expected time of healing. Recently …