CO 2 emissions from maritime transport represent around 3% of total annual anthropogenic
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions are assumed to increase by 150–250 …

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport is an urgent topic. Some
regional emissions trading systems (ETSs), buoyed by the globalized market-based …

Abstract Background The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set limits on sulphur
content in fuels for marine transport. However, vessels continue to use these residual high …

As the main component of international transportation, the shipping industry cannot be
underestimated in pollutant emissions. To control the emission of pollutants, IMO and the …

Air pollution from ships mainly comes from using heavy fuel oils for power generation.
Although, these fuels are economical, they produce significant amounts of pollutant …

Marine trade has significantly expanded over the past decades aiding to the economic
development of the maritime countries, yet, this has been associated with a considerable …

The emissions of marine diesel engines have gained both global and regional attentions
because of their impact on human health and climate change. To reduce ship emissions, the …

The abatement technology choices are complicated by the growing ban on open-loop
scrubbers, the dawn of nitrogen emission control areas (NECAs) and the current drop of fuel …

This paper comprehensively analyzes ship's response strategy to emission control areas
(ECAs). By establishing mixed integer nonlinear programming models, we obtain the …

Ship emissions are one of the main sources of air pollution in port cities. The prosperous
maritime trade has brought great harm to the air quality of port cities while promoting the …